What is epistimology? Websters dictionary: "The theory or science of the methods or grounds of knowledge. " The justification of knowledge, how do we come to know truth...
(Epistimology example is with doctors where we want a 2nd opinion, FDA approval before taking a new drug/procedure, testing, proving, etc.)
Relativism-the belief that all truth is relative, being determined by some group (e.g., society, America, Oklahoma, etc.).
Subjectivism-belief that all truth is subjective, being defined by the perspective of the individual. Determined by ME.
Skepticism-the belief that truth can not be known with certainty.
Perspectivism-the belief that truth is found in the combined perspectives of many. We have our own agenda/baggage that we bring in the evaluation & others have their own, too but we try to sort through it all.
Pragmatism-the belief that truth is ultimately defined by that which works to accomplish the best outcome. "Then end justifies the means." If it works for me, then it's true (if a person's goal is to be happy & they are in a bad marriage then divorce for them would be justified because the end justifies the means for them).
Objectivism-the belief that truth is an objective reality that exists whether someone believes it or not. Truth is truth & exists outside of our lives (e.g., history, future).
Bible-Reason-Tradition: ways that people have come to know truth.
Premodern: (B.C.)Scripture was in the process of being passed around. So since everyone did not have access to it, they had to rely on tradition. As history went on, they began to rely on those that went before them. Tradition was co-equal with Scripture. Council of Nicea took a lot of the struggles and made creeds (official statements) for all that were based on tradition because they were fearful of what would happen to the Church if everyone was left to their own interpretation.
Then the printing press put a Bible in everyone's hand & Martin Luther said that tradition should not be before Scripture. Having tradition take a step back now would make the Bible more subjective & open to interpretation. Roman Catholic Church was afraid that it would cause heresy & multiple churches, which it did. But Luther thought it was worth the price.
As time progresses, man starts to learn more about science, the world is round, the earth rotates around the sun, etc. So tradition for the most part starts to go away and Scripture starts to take a back seat to reason.
Modernism is where we land. Man believes he is evolving, learning more, and can ultimately create a utopia. 17th century to 19th. Then in the 20th centuries we encounter the sinking of the Titanic (huge blow to modernism), 2 world wars, the Holocaust, space shuttle exploding, 911 (ultimate evil). This isn't utopia? So as man has gone thru the centuries it looks as if tradition, Scripture and reason have all betrayed him. If they are now all gone, what is left?
Enter Postmodernism-we're scared & pessimistic now because we don't have anything outside of ourselves to draw truth from.
Modernism: intellectual, defined by reason, man is evolving, science method, optimism, hope for future (but a false hope).
Postmodernism: anti-intellectual, feeling, pessimism, despair for the present, subjectivism/relativism, pluralism/inclusivism, distrust in science, man is devolving.
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Section 2 - Key Terms
(Epistimology example is with doctors where we want a 2nd opinion, FDA approval before taking a new drug/procedure, testing, proving, etc.)
Relativism-the belief that all truth is relative, being determined by some group (e.g., society, America, Oklahoma, etc.).
Subjectivism-belief that all truth is subjective, being defined by the perspective of the individual. Determined by ME.
Skepticism-the belief that truth can not be known with certainty.
Perspectivism-the belief that truth is found in the combined perspectives of many. We have our own agenda/baggage that we bring in the evaluation & others have their own, too but we try to sort through it all.
Pragmatism-the belief that truth is ultimately defined by that which works to accomplish the best outcome. "Then end justifies the means." If it works for me, then it's true (if a person's goal is to be happy & they are in a bad marriage then divorce for them would be justified because the end justifies the means for them).
Objectivism-the belief that truth is an objective reality that exists whether someone believes it or not.
Truth is truth & exists outside of our lives (e.g., history, future).
What is postmodernism:
Bible-Reason-Tradition: ways that people have come to know truth.
Premodern: (B.C.)Scripture was in the process of being passed around. So since everyone did not have access to it, they had to rely on tradition. As history went on, they began to rely on those that went before them. Tradition was co-equal with Scripture. Council of Nicea took a lot of the struggles and made creeds (official statements) for all that were based on tradition because they were fearful of what would happen to the Church if everyone was left to their own interpretation.
Then the printing press put a Bible in everyone's hand & Martin Luther said that tradition should not be before Scripture. Having tradition take a step back now would make the Bible more subjective & open to interpretation. Roman Catholic Church was afraid that it would cause heresy & multiple churches, which it did. But Luther thought it was worth the price.
As time progresses, man starts to learn more about science, the world is round, the earth rotates around the sun, etc. So tradition for the most part starts to go away and Scripture starts to take a back seat to reason.
Modernism is where we land. Man believes he is evolving, learning more, and can ultimately create a utopia. 17th century to 19th. Then in the 20th centuries we encounter the sinking of the Titanic (huge blow to modernism), 2 world wars, the Holocaust, space shuttle exploding, 911 (ultimate evil). This isn't utopia? So as man has gone thru the centuries it looks as if tradition, Scripture and reason have all betrayed him. If they are now all gone, what is left?
Enter Postmodernism-we're scared & pessimistic now because we don't have anything outside of ourselves to draw truth from.
Modernism: intellectual, defined by reason, man is evolving, science method, optimism, hope for future (but a false hope).
Postmodernism: anti-intellectual, feeling, pessimism, despair for the present, subjectivism/relativism, pluralism/inclusivism, distrust in science, man is devolving.
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